What is a loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and why is it done?

If you have an abnormal cervical cancer screening result, your health care provider may suggest that you have a loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) as part of the evaluation for treatment. LEEP is one way to remove abnormal cells from the cervix by using a thin wire loop with an electric current that is passed through, which cuts away a thin layer of the cervix.

How is LEEP performed?

A LEEP should be done when you are not having your menstrual period to provide a better view of the cervix. In most cases, LEEP is done in a health care provider’s office. The procedure only takes a few minutes.

During the procedure, you will lie on your back and place your legs in stirrups. The health care provider will insert a speculum into your vagina in the same way as a pelvic exam. Local anesthesia will be used to prevent pain. You may feel a slight sting, then dull ache or cramp. The loop is then inserted into the vagina to the cervix. There are different sizes and shapes of loops that can be used. If you feel faint during the procedure, tell your health care provider immediately.

A special paste may be applied to your cervix to stop any bleeding after the procedure. Electrocautery may also be used to control bleeding. The tissue removed will be studied in a lab to confirm diagnosis.

What are the risks of LEEP

The most common risk is heavy bleeding in the first three weeks after a LEEP. If you have heavy bleeding, contact your health care provider.

LEEP has been associated with an increased risk of future pregnancy problems. Although most women have no problems, there is a small increase in the risk of premature births and having a low birth weight baby. In rare cases, the cervix is narrowed after the procedure and may cause problems with menstruation. It may also make it difficult to become pregnant.

What should I expect during recovery from LEEP?

After the procedure you may have

• A watery, pinkish discharge
• Mild cramping
• A brownish-black discharge

It will take a few weeks for your cervix to heal. While your healing, you should not place anything in the vagina such as tampons or douches. You should not have intercourse until your health care provider says it is safe to do so.

You should contact your health care provider if you have the following problems:

• Heavy bleeding
• Bleeding with clots
• Severe abdominal pain

Will I need follow-up visits?

You will need to see your health care provider following the procedure. You will have a cervical cancer screening to be sure that all the abnormal cells are gone and have not returned. If you have another abnormal screening you may require additional treatments.

You can help protect the health of your cervix by:

• Having regular pelvic exams and cervical cancer screening
• Stop smoking – smoking increases your risk of cancer

Limit your number of sexual partners and use condoms